The War
The surrender of France to the Nazis in 1940, and the evacuation of
British forces at Dunkirk, left the Third Reich in control of Western
Europe.
In 1942 Adolph Hitler issued a directive calling for the creation of
the "Atlantic Wall," a range of fortifications stretching from above the
Arctic Circle in Norway south to the border of neutral Spain and intended
to defend against the seaborne invasion of the Continent by the
Allies.
With the entry of America into the War, the Allied forces, massing on
"aircraft carrier" Great Britain, prepared to return to Western Europe
through just such an invasion, in Operation Overlord.